Segmentation Of Brain Mr Images For Tumor Area And Size...

SEGMENTATION OF BRAIN MR IMAGES FOR TUMOR AREA AND SIZE DETECTION BY USING OF CLUSTERING ALGORITHM Shinu Sadeyone1 Assistant professor (Sathyabama University, Chennai) S.Freeda2 Assistant professor (A.C.T engineering college, Chngalpattu) 1shinusedayone@gmail.com. 2freeda27@gmail.com. Abstract- There are different types of tumors are available. Astrocytoma is the most common type of tumor (30% of all brain tumor) and is usually a malignant one. Astrocytoma can be subdivided into four grades. Each grade has its own characteristics and unique treatment. In the event that any wrong treatment is given to these evaluations that prompts passing. So finding the position and shape of tumor is very important for the further treatment. The proposed system of this paper is to find the exact position and shape of the tumor cells. That helps the physician for further treatment. In the proposed system, it consists of four modules (i) Pre-processing, (ii) Segmentation of brain in MR Images,(iii) Quality extraction and (iv) Inexact reasoning. Preprocessing is carried out by sifting. Segmentation is carried out by cutting edge both K-means and Fuzzy C-means calculations. Quality extraction is by thresholding. Finally, Approximate reasoning method to recognize the tumor shape and p osition in MRI image. If the tumor is a mass in shape then k-means algorithm is enough to extract it from brain cells. Suppose if it is a malignant (spread over the brain) one then the Fuzzy C-means algorithmShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Malignant Brain Cancer1389 Words   |  6 PagesResonance Images, Robustness and accuracy of the Prediction algorithms are very important, because the result is crucial for treatment of Patients. A brain tumor is a cluster of abnormal cells growing in the brain. It may occur in any person at almost any age. It may even change from one treatment session to the next but its effects may not be the same for each person. Brain tumors appear at any location, in different image intensities, can have a variety of shapes and sizes [3]. Brain tumors can beRead MoreDetection Of Brain Tumor Detection Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract—A tumor is the growth in the abnormal tissue of the brain which causes damage to the other cells necessary for funct ioning. Detection of brain tumor is a difficult task, as there are various techniques involved in it. The active imaging resource used for brain tumor detection is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). It is necessary to use technique which can give the accurate location and size of the tumor. There are various algorithms proposed for brain tumor detection, this paper presentsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPermissions Editor: Isabel Alves Production Service: Newgen–Austin Text Designer: Stuart Paterson Photo Researcher: Gretchen Miller Copy Editor: Nancy Dickson Illustrator: Jade Myers; Newgen–India Cover Designer: Stuart Paterson Cover Image: Paul Chesley/Getty Images Cover Printer: Courier Corporation/Kendallville Compositor: Newgen–India Printer: Courier Corporation/Kendallville  © 2008, 2005 Duxbury, an imprint of Thomson Brooks/Cole, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo,

A Detailed Description of Schizophrenia - 1023 Words

Comparison Contrast Paper Introduction Schizophrenia is described as a very severe, chronic, and debilitating cognitive or psychological problem that is highly characterized with increased mortality and morbidity, heavy burden to the public health care and socioeconomic development in terms of treatment and management, and increased risks to a plethora of life threatening adverse health events and complications (Gaebel, 2011). This condition is categorized as a terminal or lifelong mental condition that makes it difficult for the affected individuals to behave or function normally, display normal emotional reaction, think rationally, and in most situations, the affected patients are unable to make a distinction between the existing†¦show more content†¦The affected individuals exhibit a myriad of signs and symptoms that include both positive and negative symptoms. The positive symptoms include mania or uncontrollable thought problems, hallucination (patients tend to hear and see people and things that are no t real), perception disturbances, disorganized thoughts, delusions and paranoia (beliefs that are not based in reality), abnormal behavior that range from childlike silliness to erratic agitation, abnormal motor behavior, and jumbled speech (Mueser Jeste, 2008). Others include negative signs and symptoms that prevent the patient from having a normal life, and include blunted emotions, lack of feeling or understanding of other people feelings, loss of motivation, social withdrawal, suicide thoughts, inability to concentrate, lack of desire to accomplish personal goals and objectives and deterioration in social, occupational, and interpersonal relationships. In most occasions, the early phases of this condition are exclusively limited to behavioral changes, but when these behavioral changes are ignored or left untreated, the patient is predisposed to further life threatening adverse events and complications such as stroke, and permanent brain damage, and even death in extreme situat ions (Gaebel, 2011). All cases of schizophrenia are mainly characterized with positive symptoms such as Mania,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1343 Words   |  6 Pages What is Schizophrenia? Experts agree that it is a syndrome (signs and symptoms that are thought to co-occur in ways that distinguish it from other syndromes and from normal thoughts and behaviors). Schizophrenia is also defined as a psychotic disorder with, impairments in reality, disturbances of perception and thought experienced as hallucinations, delusions, hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, and paranoia. Its onset usually starts in a person’s late teens to early twentiesRead MoreSchizophreni A Psychological Disorder1028 Words   |  5 PagesHill College December 7, 2016 Assessment Research paper Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder which about one percent of the population (John et al., fid. 2001) Morbidity is caused by the negative and positive symptoms. Research has shown that disability and impairment is caused by cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. It is by a group of disorders which and it s largely unknown. It involves a set of disturbances of perception, thinkingRead MoreEssay about The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a disease that has plagued societies around the world for centuries, although it was not given its formal name until 1911. It is characterized by the presence of positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are so named because of the presence of altered behaviors, such as delusions, hallucinations (usually auditory), extreme emotions, excited motor activity, and incoherent thoughts and speech. (1,2) In contrast, negative symptomsRead MoreSaints, Scholars and Schizophrenics1506 Words   |  7 PagesCalifornia Press â€Å"It is generally accepted that schizophrenia is a condition in which the person alters his representation of reality in order to escape or withdraw from seemingly unresolvable conflicts and from social interactions that are painful.†(Nancy quotes Hill, Lewis B 1955) as important defining quote of what is incorporated in characteristics of schizophrenia. In the mid 1970’s, in rural Ireland, cases of mental illness and schizophrenia was abnormally high; Nancy Scheper in her ethnographyRead MoreGenetic Risk And Outcome Of Psychosis1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthe first paragraph of the introduction and restated again more specifically in the last paragraph. Many researches have been conducted to understand the etiology of schizophrenia, such as genetic factors or environmental factors thus, I believe the problem is researchable. A brief background of the definition the term schizophrenia is defined in the introduction and much information about the topic is explained t hroughout the introduction. I believe the article indicates all the variables that wereRead More Essay on Condemnation of a Patriarchal Society in Yellow Wallpaper860 Words   |  4 Pages The insanity is rooted in the narrators inability to fall easily into that mould. Gilmans descriptions of the wallpaper are really eloquent delineations of the restrictions and constraints placed upon women. In short, the wallpaper is what all proper women are supposed to be; the narrator is one woman who is unable to adapt and, hence, she becomes a lunatic.    The narrators first description of the wallpaper puts forth most plainly what the nature of women is believed to be: dull enoughRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Bipolar Disorder )1653 Words   |  7 Pagesimpulsivity, cognitive problems, and intense unstable relationships. Before diagnosis, Doctors must establish that patterns of affective instability, impulsivity, and unstable relationships have been consistent over time. Therefore, obtaining the patient’s detailed history is crucial. Many of the same features can be found in patients with Bipolar Disorder. Dysphorias, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and thoughts of suicide, are psychotic symptoms found in both disorders. Sadly, borderline patients with this clusterRead MoreThe Role Of Family And Caretakers Relationships940 Words   |  4 Pagesthe individual with bipolar disorder and their outcomes with treatment, along with how these interactions affect the other members of the family. A strength that was present in each article was the depth of detail presented in each study; this description will make it easier to replicate the studies. These commonalities throughout the articles may be beneficial for the researcher, but could also have some shortcomings. Family functioning and their relations are impactful for both the family memberRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesexists in about one percent of the population. Much research supports the existence of this disease and its origins, causes and effects on the people in who suffer with it. This essay will clearly define Multiple Personality Disorder along with a detailed synopsis of the disease itself. The diagnosis, alter personalities, different treatments and views will indicate the disease is real. The American Psychiatric Association named Multiple Personality Disorder in 1994 Dissociative Disorder. MultipleRead MoreThe Most Complex Organ Of The Body1379 Words   |  6 Pageseight times in the Papyrus, and the Papyrus also describes the symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis of two patients who were wounded in the head and had compound fractures to the skull. While the author of the Papyrus is not known, the notes are very detailed and the author must have had a vast knowledge of the brain to be able to make these assumptions on the patients. During the second half of the first millennium BC, the Ancient Greeks developed differing views on the function of the brain. Greek

The Gospel of Matthew Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Gospel According to Matthew. Answer: The Gospel of Matthew gives a vivid account of the teachings of Jesus and it is considered the fundamental doctrine in respect to Christianity. A large number of scholars hold the idea that the first gospel of Mark was composed around the year 70. Scholars believe that the gospels of Matthew and Luke were composed in 80s or in the 90s. The written version of Marks gospels was held to be a source for their narratives (Brown 2015). The two evangelists, Matthew and Luke had material that could not be found in Mark so a large number of researchers think that it was the sayings of Jesus that was integrated in the works. This was known as the Q source and it was put together somewhere in the 40s. The materials of Luke and Matthew bear similarity to each other however; the version of Luke is a scattered version. Matthew has inserted these sayings in the place of the Marcan narrative where Jesus was teaching people. These sayings were later organized to form a single sermon that was done by Matthew (Clayton 2017). There was a gap of 400 years between Old and New Testament when God was not communicating with the Jews. The hope for Messiah was provided in the Old Testament. It was finally accomplished with the appearance of Jesus Christ (Finegan 2014). Old Testament boasted of a Kingdom of Heaven and Christ has emerged to fulfill the divine law. According to Christ, righteousness was the crux upon which the earthly kingdom was based. Matthews gospel was addressed to Jews who were waiting for hundred years for the Messiah to dawn on the face of the earth. The words of the Son of Man provide relief for those who are weak and have a weary soul. These words provide support for all those people who are in dire need of some assurance. The passage has an important bearing on the overall structure of New Testament. People in the world suffer from restlessness and disappointment plagues their soul. Jesus will provide us with peace in exchange of good work. Jesus provides rest to every sinner. Christ take s away the sins of all those who go near him. He provides them respite from fear of law, hell, devil and death. The blessings of Jesus would be endowed on those who work hard in the righteous path and to those people who are laboring hard under Pharisaic enactments ( Kennedy 2014). Christ will provide them with such rest that will refresh their soul and they would feel rejuvenated to go back to work. The passage shows a divine penetration into the true condition of man. Pity is expressed in the passage through soul-stirring lines. With a lot of compassion Jesus looks into the hearts of men. He sees sorrow and suffering embedded in the souls of men and he is conscious of their mental tribulations and turmoil in their soul. The words of this greater man were possessed of a kind of charm that can relieve the human soul. In this world which is completely torn apart by suffering and violence, this man stands calm who is waiting with outstretched hands to receive the complaints of humankind (Morgan 2017).The savior mainly refers to Jews who had suffered under strict ceremonial laws. According to him, by embracing Christianity they would be relieved of tiresome ceremonies and rites that have tormented their soul. In the larger sphere, he was referring to the ruined sinner who is burdened with a heavy conscience owing to his transgressions. His words would provide a release for all those who are shaking with terror and looking for deliverance (Robertson 2014). Christ assures them not to worry and that they have hope of salvation. He will provide them with freedom from the terror of inhumane laws. They will be granted relief from eternal death (Smith 2016). Man not only has to work but also to bear the heavy burden of sorrow in their daily existence. Thoughts that disturb mind while working further deteriorate our condition and daily existence becomes extremely tiresome. Man has a relationship with God and also to the almightys righteousness laws. Men toil continuously with great efforts and yet all that remains in the end is a conscious realization of their flaws. A pure life will have to encounter both these aspects. The major theme that is evoked in the passage is that of the merciful Jesus who speaks to everyone who have labored in vain to gratify their conscience. These words have been addressed to the entire human race. Faith and trust is evoked in the almight ys appeal in these lines. Christ has granted freedom to men by promulgating gospel (Keener, 2014). The passage has been addressed to all those souls who have grown tired in their pursuit of truth. These words can be alluded to the Greeks who had a notion that it was very difficult to reach god. For the Jews, religion was burdensome and involved unending series of rules. According to them, law was composed of endless regulations and they controlled every action in the life of a person. They had developed a slavish mentality and always groping for a voice that will dictate them. During Christs time, the Pharisees imposed harsh rules and regulations on the commoners who had developed a slavish mentality and used to listen to the words of the rulers. The Pharisees on the other hand indulged themselves in a life of leisure and did not involve themselves in any action. Everyone looked upon Christ for his or her deliverance and obeying the truth would grant them salvation. The Jews suffered under the stringent laws and commandments. The yoke is symbolic and it evokes the image of plowing . The yoke will help us in our spiritual struggle rather than acting as a hindrance (Keener 2014). God provides us with burdens in order to strengthen our soul and make us mentally resilient. Common people because of our love for the divine power abide by the commandments of God .The lord Jesus will help us in carrying the burden. References: Brown, Raymond E. An introduction to the New Testament. Yale University Press, 2015. Clayton, Weatherford T. "Rock of Our Redeemer." BYU Speeches (2017). Finegan, Jack. The archeology of the New Testament: the life of Jesus and the beginning of the early church. Princeton University Press, 2014. Keener, Craig S.The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament. InterVarsity Press, 2014. Kennedy, George A. New Testament interpretation through rhetorical criticism. UNC Press Books, 2014. Morgan, G. Campbell. The gospel according to Matthew. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. Robertson, Archibald Thomas. A grammar of the Greek New Testament in the light of historical research. Ravenio Books, 2014. Smith, Matthew J. "God's Idioms: Sermon Belief in Donne's London."English Literary Renaissance46, no. 1 (2016): 93-128.

The Strategies Of Game Theory - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the strategies of Game theory. Answer: In the given two person game, Strategy A B C Players 1 D 9,6 7,6 8,7 E 8,10 6,8 9,9 F 7,8 5,8 7,10 There is no pure Nash equilibrium. A Nash equilibrium, in a two-person game occurs at a point where, both the persons have their welfare maximized and from where none of them has the incentive to deviate. That means, at the Nash Equilibrium, both the players are choosing their optimal strategies and there is no better combination of strategies for the players, given the conditions (Myerson 2013). Here, there is no such single point where, both the players are maximizing their profit. This implies, there is no pure Nash Equilibrium in this game. Here, if 1 chooses D, 2 chooses C, but if 2 chooses C, 1 chooses E. If 1 chooses E, 2 chooses A, but if 2 chooses A, 1 chooses D. If 1 chooses F, 2 chooses C, but if 2 chooses C, 1 chooses E. Therefore, there is no Nash equilibrium in the above game (Colman 2016). In this game, Player 1 will never choose strategy F, as it is a dominated strategy, that means the probability of playing F is 0: Let, x be the probability of Player 1 playing D and y be the probability of Player 1 playing E. Therefore, 9.x +8.y = 7.x +6.y This means, x = y Again, x + y + 0 = 1 This means, x = y = 0.5 This means the expected pay off of A is = (9*0.5) + (8*0.5) = 4.5 +4 = 8.5 (Dixit and Skeath 2015. Player 2 will never play strategy B as it is a dominated strategy, this means the probability is 0. Let p be the probability of 2 playing A and q be the probability of 2 playing C: Therefore, 6.p + 7.q = 10.p + 9.q 4.p = -2.q , which implies p/q = -1/2. However, probabilities cannot be negative, which implies the expected payoff of Player 2 is unidentified. 2. In this problem, both the firms are assumed to be rational and there are perfect information by both the firms. Therefore, the output of one firm is dependent on the strategy of other firm and the optimal outputs can be calculated from the reaction functions of both the firms. Here, the revenue of Firm 1 is: R1 = P*X1 = [1000 X1 X2]*X1 = 1000*X1 X1^2 X2.X1 Therefore, the marginal revenue is given as follows: MR1 = 1000 -2X1 X2 Here, MC1 = 400 At the Nash equilibrium condition, MR1 = MC1: This implies, 1000 2.X1 X2 = 400, which implies, 2.X1 + X2 = 600 (i). This is the reaction function of the first firm. For the second firm, R2 can be written as follows: R2 = P*X2 = [1000 X1 X2]*X2 = 1000.X2 X1.X2 X2^2 Therefore, the marginal revenue for the second firm can be written as follows: MR2 = 1000 X1 2.X2 At the Nash equilibrium situation, MR2 = MC2 1000 X1 2.X2 = 400 This implies, X1 + 2.X2 = 600 (ii). This is the reaction function for Firm 2. Solving for the reaction functions of both the firms, we get the following result: X1 + 2*(600 2.X1) = 600 This implies, 3X1 = 600, that is, X1 = 200. Putting the value of X1 in equation-(i), we get, X2 = 200. Therefore, the common price for both the firms is: P = 1000 X1 X2 = 1000 200 200 = 600 So, P = 600. Therefore, profit of Firm 1 is: Profit 1 = P*X1 C1 = X1[P MC1] (As fixed cost is zero) Profit 1 = 200[600-400] = 200*200 = 40000 Profit 1 = 40000. The profit for the Firm 2 will also be the same as both the firms have same cost structure, price structure and same level of optimal output. This means, Profit 2 = 40000. Therefore, in the concerned problem, at the Nash equilibrium, the profit of Firm 1 is 40000 and the profit of Firm 2 is also 40000. 3. In this case, Firm 2 knows about its cost structure, but firm 1 does not know. Therefore, Firm 2 will have a first movers advantage over firm 1. It will incorporate the reaction function of firm 1 in its profit function and maximize profit (Wang and Ma 2013). The reaction function of firm 1 is, X1 = (600 X2)/2. The revenue function of the firm 2 can be given by: R2 = P*X2 = [1000 X1 X2].X2 This means, R2 = 1000X2 X1.X2 X2^2 This implies, MR2 = 1000 X1 2.X2 Putting firm 1s reaction function in the above equation we get as follows: MR2 = 1000 [(600-X2)/2] 2*X2 At the equilibrium condition, we know that. MR2 = MC2: Firm 2 knows that the marginal cost will be 400 (Rasmusen and Yoon 2012). Therefore, 1000 300 + (X2/2) 2.X2 = 400, which implies, (4*X2 X2)/2 = 300 3*X2 = 600 Therefore, X2 = 200. X1 = (600 200)/200 = 200 Therefore, X1 = 200. Here, the resulting outputs of both the firms are the same, as the marginal costs of both the firms remain the same, though Firm 2 had a chance to enjoy reduced costs. However, as Firm 2 had an advantage of information about its marginal cost which firm 1 did not have, it got the First Mover advantage (Fudenberg and Tirole 2013). Firm 2 could incorporate Firm 1s reaction function in its profit function and then maximize its own profit. However, the marginal costs remaining the same, both the firm came at the same result as was in case of the perfect information scenario, discussed above. However, if the cost of Firm 2 comes down to 200, then due to first mover advantage, the Firm may enjoy higher output than that of Firm 1 (Sushko 2013). Proceeding in the same way, as done above, with marginal cost of Firm 2, X2 is found to be 333.33200 and that of X1 is found to be less than 200. Therefore, the first mover advantage do help the firm concerned, if the cost structures are favorable for the firm. 4. In this case, the duopolies come together to form a Cartel. Here, the price is given by: P = 100 Q, with no costs for any of the firms. As both the firms share the market equally, Q1 = Q2 and Q = Q1+Q2. Here, the total revenue of the market is given by: R = P.Q = (100-Q).Q = 100*Q Q^2 This implies, MR = 100 2*Q. Now, we know that at the equilibrium situation, MR = MC: This implies, 100 2Q = 0, that is, Q = 50. This implies, both Q1 and Q2 will be equal to 25. A cartel has the inherent nature due to which each of the firm in the cartel has incentives to deviate from the agreements and cheat in order to create more profit for itself. Here, let us assume that Firm 2 keeps its quota in the cartel and remains in the cartel whereas Firm 1 cheats to earn more revenue (Bak and Klecz-Simon 2012): Therefore, Q2 remains at the same level, that is, Q2 = 25. However, Firm 1 incorporates the output of Firm 2 in its own reaction function and maximizes its own profit. This can be shown with the help of the following calculations: R1 = P*Q1 = [100 Q1 Q2]*Q1 = 100.Q1 Q1^2 Q1.Q2 Therefore, the marginal revenue of the Firm 1 is given as follows: MR1 = 100 2Q1 Q2 At the equilibrium condition, MR1 = MC1, This implies, 100 = 2.Q1 + Q2, that is, Q1 = [100 Q2]/2 = [100 -25]/2 = 75/2 = 37.5 This implies, Q1 = 37.5. Therefore, the output which will maximize the profit of Firm 1, who is resorting to cheating, is 37.5, while Firm 2 is producing according to the agreement of the cartel. Q = Q1 + Q2 = 37.5 + 25 = 62.5 Therefore, P = 100 62.5 = 37.5 Therefore, the profit of Firm 1, is: Profit 1 = P*Q1 = 37.5*37.5 = 1406.25 Therefore, Profit 1 = 1406.25. Profit 2 = P*Q2 = 37.5*25 = 937.5 Therefore, Profit 2 = 937.5. If neither of the firms keep the agreement, The reaction function of Firm 1 is: Q1 = (100-Q2)/2 That of Firm 2 is, Q2 = (100-Q1)/2. Assuming Cournot Solution, solving for the two reaction functions, we get as follows: Q1 = [100 {(100-Q1)/2}]/2 Therefore, 4Q1 = 100 + Q1 Therefore, Q1 = 33.33. Q2 = (100 -33.33)/2 = 33.33 That is, Q2 = 33.33. The firms, by nature will try to default in a cartel structure. The only circumstances under which both the firms will try not to default is when the game is going to be repeated for infinite number of times or neither of the firms have any information regarding when the game will be played for the last time (Liu 2013). That is, the number of periods for which, the game will be played is uncertain. If the players know that the game will going to be repeated for n times, one will try to default at (n-1)th period. Speculating this, the other firm will try to default at (n-2)th period and this will go on. This implies, defaulting will start right from the initiation of the cartel (Marshall and Marx 2012). References Bak, B. and Klecz-Simon, A., 2012. Price discrimination in asymmetric Cournot oligopoly.Economics Letters,116(3), pp.301-303. Colman, A.M., 2016.Game theory and experimental games: The study of strategic interaction. Elsevier. Dixit, A.K. and Skeath, S., 2015.Games of Strategy: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Fudenberg, D. and Tirole, J., 2013.Dynamic models of oligopoly. Taylor Francis. Liu, P.T. ed., 2013.Dynamic optimization and mathematical economics. Springer Science Business Media. Marshall, R.C. and Marx, L.M., 2012.The economics of collusion: Cartels and bidding rings. Mit Press. Myerson, R.B., 2013.Game theory. Harvard university press. Rasmusen, E. and Yoon, Y.R., 2012. First versus second mover advantage with information asymmetry about the profitability of new markets.The Journal of Industrial Economics,60(3), pp.374-405. Sushko, I. ed., 2013.Oligopoly dynamics: Models and tools. Springer Science Business Media. Wang, H. and Ma, J., 2013. Complexity analysis of a Cournot-Bertrand duopoly game model with limited information.Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society,2013.

Leadership Essay Samples

Leadership Essay SamplesThere are many opportunities to learn how to write an effective leadership essay, especially if you are getting ready to take a leadership course. Unfortunately, you may not have the time to finish one off. Yet, there are leadership essay samples available on the internet that you can work from and easily adapt for your own personal needs. Here are some tips on how to create a great leadership essay.You must get input from others. The more people that read your essay the better. Give them their input. Make sure they are encouraged to speak up and express their opinions about your essay. If you want to be successful, you need their advice, their comments, and even their critique.First and foremost, the key things you must include in your essay are your ideas and opinion. This will keep the reader engaged in your essay. Don't be afraid to share your thoughts. Your ideas and opinions will help you shine, and it will serve as a good guide for the other participant s to follow. What you will gain from sharing this information is that the other participants will feel as though they have someone else who is in their shoes who is leading the discussion. To give you an example, think of the first time you spoke with your neighbor or employee about how to handle a certain issue, and how you handled it.Next, include in your essay the basics and the most basic questions that you would like to discuss with the other participants. These are the foundation of your essay. In this way, you are presenting yourself in a positive light and answering all the readers' questions. It will help you stand out and win the debate and will help the essay goes further than you might have ever imagined.Be open-minded. Don't let yourself be intimidated by any audience that you might encounter. You don't want to appear narrow-minded, especially when there are other people who are able to think differently from you.Leaders have been making use of a variety of leadership e ssay samples for years, and their success has been written about in the papers, magazines, and blogs. In fact, it is easier than ever to find resources for writing a great leadership essay. In addition, online resources are just a click away. Whether you are in high school college, or graduate school, taking your leadership course, or working in a leadership role, online resources will help you write a great essay in no time.Take advantage of all the resources available, and learn to choose the right leadership essay samples that will help you be the best you can be. Leadership is not an easy skill to acquire, but with the right leadership essay samples, you will be well on your way to being a master.

To Look Up Into The Mountains And See The Steam Rolling From A Mountai

To look up into the mountains and see the steam rolling from a mountain stream on a cold winters morning is a beautiful sight. However, to look out over the horizon and see the white spray of salt water coming from the blow of a huge hump-back whale is much more exciting sight and a whole lot warmer. I lived in the mountains of Colorado for most of my childhood. The first time I had the opportunity to see the ocean was on a vacation to California, when I was about 15 years old. It was even better than I had dreamed it would be. The different animals in the ocean, the color of the water, and the warm sand between my toes was probably what led me to come to the islands of Hawaii. When I first saw the hump-back whale I was amazed at their huge size and how they could breach out of the water so gracefully. It is as if they were trying to play or show off. So when we were asked to choose a favorite animal, I had no problem deciding on the hump- back whale. The hump-back whale gets it's name from the distinctive hump in front of the dorsal fin and from the way it raises it's back high above water before diving. They are a member of the order Cetacea. This order is of aquatic mammals and the hump-back belongs to the suborder of the Mysticeti. The Mysticeti are the baleen whales which have three families and several species. The family in which the hump-back belongs is the Balaenopteridae, the true fin backed whale. The thing that separates this genus from the other fin-backed whales is the pectoral fins, which grow in lengths of about 5 meters (16.4 feet). This Genus is called Megaptera meaning great wing (Tinker 290). There was a controversy over the species name in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In 1932, Remington Kellogg finally settled the matter with Megatera Novaeangliae (Cousteau 84). The common English name is the hump-back whale. The hump-back whale lives in both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Since we live in the Pacific I'll be discussing the hump-backs of the North Pacific. They migrate from North to South. In the months of July through September they gather in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea or the Chukchi Sea. They head south for the winter. They go to one of three areas: (1) Between the Bonin Islands, the Marianas Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan; (2) The Hawaiian Islands, and (3) Along the coast of Mexico (Tinker 291). One of the reasons these whales go North is for feeding. They have a short food chain compared to most mammals. Phytoplankton turns sunlight into energy and this energy is consumed by zooplankton. The zooplankton and phytoplankton are eaten by small fish. The whale in turn eats the fish. The chain is complete when waste products or dead whales decompose. They have a very short time frame in which they eat compared to the twelve months out of the year. They have not been seen feeding in Hawaii. It seems that they only feed during the summer months up north. During the fasting periods, in Hawaii, they survive on their blubber. They mix their diet with copepods, euphausiids (krill), and small fish, primarily herring and capelin. They are considered filter feeders, using baleen plates to filter out their food. They take huge amounts of water into their mouth using a gulping method and then when they push the water out, they put their tongue up so the water must pass through the baleens. The food becomes trapped and falls toward the rear of the mouth. The two gulping methods hump-back whales use are lunge feeding and bubble net feeding. Lunge feeding is used when food is abundant. The whale simply swims through the prey with it's mouth open engulfing the prey. They can do this vertically, laterally or inverted. This is done toward the surface of the ocean. Bubble net feeding is used when the prey is less abundant. The whale dives below the prey and discharges bubbles from it's blowhole. As the bubbles ascend they form a net that disorients the prey. Then the whale swims upward and fills his mouth with the net of fish and bubbles (Kaufman 55). Hump-backs have ventral grooves in their throat that expand allowing an enormous amount of water to be gulped. Hump-backs consume nearly a ton of food To Look Up Into The Mountains And See The Steam Rolling From A Mountai To look up into the mountains and see the steam rolling from a mountain stream on a cold winters morning is a beautiful sight. However, to look out over the horizon and see the white spray of salt water coming from the blow of a huge hump-back whale is much more exciting sight and a whole lot warmer. I lived in the mountains of Colorado for most of my childhood. The first time I had the opportunity to see the ocean was on a vacation to California, when I was about 15 years old. It was even better than I had dreamed it would be. The different animals in the ocean, the color of the water, and the warm sand between my toes was probably what led me to come to the islands of Hawaii. When I first saw the hump-back whale I was amazed at their huge size and how they could breach out of the water so gracefully. It is as if they were trying to play or show off. So when we were asked to choose a favorite animal, I had no problem deciding on the hump- back whale. The hump-back whale gets it's n ame from the distinctive hump in front of the dorsal fin and from the way it raises it's back high above water before diving. They are a member of the order Cetacea. This order is of aquatic mammals and the hump-back belongs to the suborder of the Mysticeti. The Mysticeti are the baleen whales which have three families and several species. The family in which the hump-back belongs is the Balaenopteridae, the true fin backed whale. The thing that separates this genus from the other fin-backed whales is the pectoral fins, which grow in lengths of about 5 meters (16.4 feet). This Genus is called Megaptera meaning great wing (Tinker 290). There was a controversy over the species name in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In 1932, Remington Kellogg finally settled the matter with Megatera Novaeangliae (Cousteau 84). The common English name is the hump-back whale. The hump-back whale lives in both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Since we live in the Pacific I'll be disc ussing the hump-backs of the North Pacific. They migrate from North to South. In the months of July through September they gather in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea or the Chukchi Sea. They head south for the winter. They go to one of three areas: (1) Between the Bonin Islands, the Marianas Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan; (2) The Hawaiian Islands, and (3) Along the coast of Mexico (Tinker 291). One of the reasons these whales go North is for feeding. They have a short food chain compared to most mammals. Phytoplankton turns sunlight into energy and this energy is consumed by zooplankton. The zooplankton and phytoplankton are eaten by small fish. The whale in turn eats the fish. The chain is complete when waste products or dead whales decompose. They have a very short time frame in which they eat compared to the twelve months out of the year. They have not been seen feeding in Hawaii. It seems that they only feed during the summer months up north. During the fasting periods, in Hawaii, they survive on their blubber. They mix their diet with copepods, euphausiids (krill), and small fish, primarily herring and capelin. They are considered filter feeders, using baleen plates to filter out their food. They take huge amounts of water into their mouth using a gulping method and then when they push the water out, they put their tongue up so the water must pass through the baleens. The food becomes trapped and falls toward the rear of the mouth. The two gulping methods hump-back whales use are lunge feeding and bubble net feeding. Lunge feeding is used when food is abundant. The whale simply swims through the prey with it's mouth open engulfing the prey. They can do this vertically, laterally or inverted. This is done toward the surface of the ocean. Bubble net feeding is used when the prey is less abundant. The whale dives below the prey and discharges bubbles from it's blowhole. As the bubbles ascend

Training Session Report for Expatriates

Training Session Report for Expatriates Currently, a great number of people from the United States, Australia or the UK live and work in China. The main problem, which they encounter, is cultural and linguistic barriers. Poor knowledge of the Chinese language and culture often leads to misunderstanding or even conflicts. This training session aims to prepare expatriates for possible difficulties, which they may face, while living in this country. In particular, we need to focus on different behavior patterns, dress code, business culture, etiquette etc.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Training Session Report for Expatriates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, foreigner, working in China, must stay in touch with their friends and relatives. This will prevent them from feeling lonely and home-sick. Yet, at the same time they must bear in mind that they must not avoid communication with local people. One should not become withdrawn, as this will o nly contribute to a sense of alienation. This person has to establish as many contacts as possible. This is the key step on his/her path to success. Apart from that, employees ought to be well-acquainted with the city, where they intend to live. They need to know about transportation, places of interests, its history, and so forth. For instance, when speaking about Beijing, an expatriate should remember that it is one of the most densely-populated cities in the world and transportation is a really challenging problem. This is why one has to know about the functioning of Beijing Subway, ring roads, railway stations, expressways, highways etc. This knowledge will be of great value to expatriates, who may need to travel across the city or even across the country. The third issue that has to be addressed during training sessions is cultural values and etiquette, and dress code. For instance, one has to be well-aware of the fact that Chinese people are more inclined to think by means of analogies, metaphors and story-telling (Street Matelski, 2008, p 151). This peculiarity often slows down the process of communication between local inhabitants and foreigners. Secondly, during these training sessions, we need to etiquette, because the Chinese pay much more attention to formalities than Americans or Australians (Bucknall, 2002, p 61). This knowledge will enable us them reduce the effects of culture shock to a minimum. Expatriates must not be afraid of making mistakes during intercultural communication as they are practically inevitable. The biggest mistake lies in avoiding this communication. Unwillingness to communicate with the Chinese partners is one of the reasons why many expatriates feel home-sick.Advertising Looking for report on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the employees, who are going to live in China for a considerable amount of time, must acquire at least the smattering of the Chinese language. In this case, we must concentrate on various speech situations such as introductions, greetings, thanking people, asking for apology and so forth. Of course, such knowledge of Chinese is only superficial; however, it will indicate that a foreigner genuinely tries to integrate himself into a new culture or society. Certainly, at the beginning a foreigner will require the services of a translator; nevertheless, he/she has to work on his Chinese language proficiency in order to achieve success in this country. On the whole, during these training sessions, an employee has to learn about similarities and distinction existing between two cultures. This will help him/her avoid many potential problems. The most important thing is to overcome the feeling of anxiety which is so common among Australian expatriates. Reference List Bucknall K. 2002. Chinese Business Etiquette and Culture. NY: CM Online Media, Inc. Street. N. L. Matelski M. 2008. American bus inesses in China: balancing culture and communication. NY: McFarland.